Impact of COVID-19 countermeasures on the energy and water consumption and CO2 concentration of municipal buildings

Abstract As a disease, COVID-19 has shaken the world in 2020/21. Countermeasures have been taken by governments to protect against infection, which also affected water and energy consumption of buildings. In particular, buildings managed public authorities (e.g. kindergartens, schools administrative offices) closed reopened with different concepts. this paper, impact countermeasures on electrical thermal municipal is investigated using monitoring data 100 from 2018 2021 city state North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) Germany. Where available, CO 2 sensors building automation systems are included evaluation. The concentration range concern (1500-2000 ppm) for 2% presence periods. A value unacceptable (>2000 not found data. Since only ventilation-conditioned spaces equipped sensors, no conclusions can be drawn about non-ventilated We investigate extent measures changed consumption. On total average, heat demand increased lightly 5 % electricity decreased 15% 12% respectively.